הבית לחולי טרשת נפוצה

מילון טרשת נפוצה

דה-מיאלניזציה, תאי T וחיבוק MS – המילון המלא למונחים הקשורים למחלת הטרשת הנפוצה. מונחים הקשורים למנגנונים העומדים מאחורי המחלה

טרשת נפוצה MS)) – טרשת נפוצה היא מחלה אוטואימונית כרונית. אצל אנשים עם טרשת נפוצה תאי מערכת החיסון תוקפים את המיאלין – החומר המבודד ומגן על סיבי העצב במערכת העצבים המרכזית (המוח וחוט השדרה). משמעות האיבוד של החומר המבודד היא פגיעה ביכולת העצבים להעביר מידע. פגיעה זו מובילה לתסמינים שונים, בהתאם למיקום בו נגרם הנזק למיאלין.

מיאלין – המיאלין היא שכבה שומנית העוטפת את האקסונים (סיבי העצב) דרכם מועברים הזרמים החשמליים המאפשרים תקשורת בין תאי העצב. המיאלין מבודד ומגן על האקסונים – בדומה לחומר הבידוד העוטף חוטי חשמל – וכך מבטיח תקשורת תקינה בין תאי העצב. במחלת הטרשת הנפוצה תאי מערכת החיסון תוקפים את המיאלין.

אקסון – אקסונים הינם סיבי העצב. האקסונים יוצאים מגרעין תאי העצב ומתחברים אל אקסונים אחרים, דרכם עובר הזרם החשמלי המאפשר את התקשורת בין התאים.

מערכת עצבים מרכזית (CNS) – מערכת העצבים המרכזית כוללת את המוח וחוט השדרה. היא מורכבת בעיקר מתאי עצב (נוירונים) ותאי גליאה (תאים התומכים בתאי העצב) ובין תפקידיה הרבים: עיבוד נתונים ממערכות החישה, תכנון ובקרה של תנועה, חשיבה ולמידה, ויסות רגשי, הבעה, הבנה ועוד ועוד.

לכתבה המלאה באתר "כמוני" לחצו כאן

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